Shoe brake



c. WASEIGE Aug. I 9, 1927.

SHOE BRAKE Filed Feb; 9. 1921 Patented Aug. 9, 1927.

UNITED- STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES WASEIGE, OF BILLANCOURT, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO SOCIETE DES AERO-PLANES HENRI & MAURICE FARMAN, OF BILLANCOUR'I, FRANCE, A CORPORATION OFFRANCE.

SHOE BRAKE.

Application filed February 9, 1921, Serial No. 443,556, and, in FranceFebruary 19, 1920.

This invention relates to brakes of the kind'called shoe brakes; and oneob ect s to 7 ensure their energetic action in both directions ofdriving, whether forward or backthe brake control, which is secured tothe wards, with a minimum of effort on the part of the driver.

Generally speaking,"the brake accordlng to the invention comprises aplurality of novel shoes of aluminium or the like faced with anetalloplastic band of asbestos and brass or other suitable material.These shoes are connected, as by a pivot, to each other, without a fixedanchor on the brake supporting plate or disc. At the end of each of theshoes opposite the joint or connection above referred to, may be mounteda steel plate provided with bosses engaging with the control cam and theends of said plates are cut out to pivot about the spindle of the cam.

In the accompanying drawings by way of example,

Figure lshows an elevation of the brake according to the invention, invertical section through the drum and just inside the wheel, to show theshoes in side elevation.

Figure 2' shows a vertical section through the vertical diameter of thebrake.

Figures 3 and 4 are detail views of the joints. D

Figure 5 shows a constructional modification of the device shown inFigure 1, 1n which the cam of the brake is single instead of double. v I

Figure 6 is a detail View of the -jo1nt of the cam corresponding to thebrake of Figure 5.

In the construction shown in Figures 1 and 2, the brake is constitutedas'follows;

The bosses 5 and 13 of the two plates 5 and 13 secured to the shoes 1and 3, are 1n permanent contact with the double cam 2 owingto thetension of the mam spring 6 which urges the two shoes toward each other.The latter are pivoted or otherwise connect-- ed at 12, but without afixed anchor on the support or disc 4. The latter disc carries axle anddoes not rotate. The drum 7 is secured to the wheel. When the double camis operated, the shoes are moved apart and brake the-- drum. The plates5 and. 13 are cut out at the end so as to engage with and be guided bythe spindle '15 of the cam.

If the cam 2 is operated whilst the wheel is rotating in the directionof the arrow, the

two shoes are spread out and, owing to their adhesion to the drum, theytend to rotatein the same direction. The thrust from shoe 1,"

the spindle 15, a great part of the thrust on the cam is transferred tothe spindleso that the shoe 1 acts to a great extent as if it wereactually pivoted on said spindle andthus the actuating force necessaryto operate the cam is materially reduced. The shoes tend to open, andautomatically increase the braking action (Fig. 1) exactly as in a brakewith pivotally anchored shoes. Nevertheless, with the latter, the shoeis urged inwardly by the adhesion or friction of the drum when thewheels rotate in-the direction opposite to that of the arrow, and onlythe force applied to the control lever of the cam, ensures the braking.This disadvantage cannot exist in the brake construction with a doublecam, the position of the shoes remaining the same in one direction as inthe other. Preferably there are a pair of cams 2 on opposite sides of,and laterally guiding, the interfitting ends of the shoes (see Fig. 3),and engaging pairs of pins projecting laterally of the shoes.

The joint 12 being perfectly free, the brak ing action of each shoe isthe same, since they balance each other, unlike in brakes with shoesanchored at a fixed point. In this latter case each of the shoes acts,in' fact, independently of the other.

As soon as. the braking is finished, the auxiliary spring 8 secured atone end to the shoe 1 at 10, and at'the other end to the disc 4 at 11,pulls the shoe back to the supporting face of afstop 9 adjustable fromthe outside of the drum by means-of a screw and nut. The adjustable stop9 comprises a screw member secured at 1ts inner end to the shoe 1 and atits outer end extends. through a bracket on the fixed disc 4. On thescrew member, outside of the bracket, is a nut for adjusting the lengthof said member inside of the bracket. By such adjustment the normalseparation of the shoe 1 from the drum by the spring 8 can be regulatedto provide more or less clearance between the two. The spring 8 normallypressing the shoes together on the cam, the spring 8 under tensionconnecting the shoe 1 with the tation of the earn as in cover disc andthe adjustable stop 9 provide a resilient or floating suspension oftheshoes within the drum, and by adjusting the stop 9 the relativepositions of the shoes and drum can be regulated to meet therequirements. The slight looseness of stop 9 which is almost unavoidablein manufacture is sufficient to permit the slight lengthwise movementsof shoe 1 as the brake is applied, whichever direction the drum may beturn- 1H0.

The spring 6, intending to pull back together the two shoes, producesasudden disengagement of the same from the drum.

The auxiliary spring 8 not only cooperates with the stop 9 to determinethe idle position of the shoes, but also insures engagement of shoe 8with the drum prior to full engagement of the drum by shoe 1, thecircumferential movement of shoe 3 caused by the friction of the drumserving to overcome spring 8 and force shoe 1 against the drum. When thevehicle is moving forward and'the drum is turning in the direction ofthe arrow, this 1 successive action of the shoes is especially same inthe two directions.

The shoe 1 is in this case pivoted at one of its ends on the spindle 15of the cam 14. It is coupled to the shoe 3 by a free joint 12 at itsopposite end, as in the construction shown in Figure 1.

The shoe 3 carries a cut out plate 16, al-

ways held in engagement with the cam 14 by means of the return spring 6.

The working is as follows: v The wheel rotating in the direction of thearrow, if the cam 14 is operated, the joint of the two shoes land 3being free, the shoes have the tendency to open out and to engageautomaticallywith the drum, thus increasing the braking effort producedby therothe brake previously described. I

The thrust on the shoes being transmitted directly to the spindle of thecam, and 'not to the cam and spindle as in the case of the brake with adouble cam, it follows that the said brake has the advantage ofrequiring a still smaller effort at the brake lever for producing aseffective braking as in the preced.

ing case, but, as already stated, the braking cannot be exactly the samein both directions. i

From what has been stated, it follows that this brake makes it possibleto obtain equal braking in the first case, or an almost equal braking inthe second case, whether driving forward or reversing. The singlefriction device constituted bv two parts pivoted to each other, isexpanded at the moment of braking on the whole inner surface of thedrum, whilst in existing brakes of the said type, the braking depends onthe fixing, during the machining, of theaxes of the joints, and it mayhappen that the shoes open in a manner non-ooncentric with the brakedrum. In the case of a brake according to the invention, the contactsurface is a maximum as in band brakes, the effort required for agoodbraking is therefore a small one.

Claims 1.. In combination with a drum and a fixed disc cover therefor,an internal brake for en gaglng the drum consisting of two articulatedshoes, an operating spindle and cam disposed between the unconnectedends of said brake shoes and so arranged that the braking reaction istransmitted to the'spindle, a

spring connecting the two shoes and nor-,

mally tending to draw them toward the cam, and a second springconnecting one shoe with the disc cover and normally tending to separatethis shoe from the drum, independently of the other brake shoe.

2. In a brake, the combination with an external drum and a fixed disccover therefor, of a pair of brake shoes pivoted together at one oftheir ends and arranged within the drum and operative when opened tofrictionally engage the inner periphery of said drum, a spindle mountedbetween the free ends of the brake shoes, a cam on the spindle betweenthe free ends of the brake shoes to be rotated by the spindle toseparate the shoes to effect frictional engagement between the shoes andthe drum, a spring connecting the two shoes and normally tending toclosethe same on the cam, a second spring 'connecting one of the shoes withthe disc cover and normally tending to separate said shoe from the drum,and an adjustable stop to limit the separation of the shoe connectedwith the second spring from the drum.

3. In a brake, the combinationwith an external drum, of a pair ofpivoted brake shoes arranged within said drum, a spindle mounted betweenthe free ends ofthe brake shoes, said free ends being bifurcated tostraddle said spindle, a cam mounted on said spindle each side ofthe'free ends of the shoes and cam engaging projections carried by saidends between which said cams are positioned, whereby, upon the turningof the cams, the free ends of the .shoes will be forced apart, causingthe engagement of said shoes with the brake drum. I

4. In a brake, the combination with an external drum and a disc or covertherefor, .of

tween the opposite free'ends of the brake shoes, said free ends beingbifurcated to straddle said spindle, oppositely disposed bosses orprojections carried by said free ends, a cam mounted on the spindlebetween is turning in the other direction, a spring connecting the twoshoes, a stop engaging one of the shoes, and a second spring urging saidshoe against the stop.

. drum 6. In combination with a drum, an inter nal brake for engagingthe drum consisting of a plurality of connected shoes having twoseparated ends, expanding means acting on said separated ends, theexpanding means being arranged to take the braking torque from one shoewhen the drum is turning in one direction and from the other shoe when'the drum is turning in the opposite direc tion, and a spring normallytending to hold said ends in engagement with the expanding means.

7. A brake comprising, in combination, a

drum, a plurality of, connected rigid shoes arranged within the drum towrap with a self-energizing action against the drum in either directionof drum movement, and spreading means acting on the unconnected ends ofthe shoes and arranged to takethebraking torque from one of said endswhen the drum is turningin one directionand from the other of said endswhen the drum is turning in the opposite direction. 7

8. A brake. comprising, in combination, a drum, a plurality of connectedrigid shoes arranged within the drum to-wrap with a self-energizingaction against the drum in either direction of drum movement, and meansbetween the unconnected ends ofthe shoes to serve as an anchor to takethe braking torquein either direction of drum movement. i v

9. In combination with a drum, an internal brake therefor, having meansfor securing a self energizing elfect in both directions of rotation ofthe drum comprising a plurality of articulated brake shoes with meansfor taking the braking torque in either direction of drum rotation andmeans for insuring engagement of one shoe with the rior to fullengagementtherewith of the adjacent shoe; v

10;In a brake mechanism, a rotatable member to be braked, a brakecomprising at least two articulated shoes, an operating spindle, saidbrake shoes having separated ends, at least one being bifurcated andalso engaging said spindle, said spindle acting a to assist inpositioning said shoes, and means I for moving said shoes into contactwith said rotatable member.

11. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum, a floating frictiondevice extending approximately a full circumference within the drum andarranged towrap against the drum with a self-energizing action in eitherdirection of drum rotation, a substantially cylindrical anchormemberextending between the free ends of said device and arranged totake the braking torque from either of said ends,'said ends beingnotched out to lit over the cylindrical anchor member, and expandingmeans acting on said ends.

having at least one free end, a cam for acting on said free end to movethe brake into engagement with said rotatable member, a support for thecam, said free end being guidingly supported so as to hold it in properworking ,relation to said cam, said guide support including the end ofthe other shoe.. j

13. A brake comprising, in combination, a

drum, a pair of floating shoes within the, drum, means for takingbraking torque from 1 one shoe when thedrum is turning in one directionand from the other shoe when the drum is turning in the other direction,,and

a spring and a stOp cooperating to determine the idle position of oneshoe, the idle position of the other shoe being determined at one end bythe torque-taking means and at the other end by said one shoe.

14; A brake comprising, in combination,

a drum, a floating friction device extending approximately a fullcircumference within the drum and arranged to wrap against the drum witha self-energizing action in either direction of drum rotation, an anchormember projecting between the free ends of said device and arranged totake the braking torque from either of said ends, said endsbeing-notched out to fit over the anchor member, and expanding means,acting on said ends and carried by said anchor member.

15. In combination with a drum, an internal brake of the self energizingtype wherein the rotation of the drum assists in applying the brake,said brake having two articulated shoes, an operating member arranged toapply said shoes to the drum, a returning springconneoted between saidtwo shoes,

another spring having one end connected to one shoe near the articulatedjoint and the other end to a nonr'otating part of the wheel ingly urgingthe connected end of said adjacent shoe away from the drum while thefirst shoe is swung against the drum.

17. A brake including a drum and friction means within and engageablewith the drum, said means comprising, in combination, a plurality ofshoes arranged end to end and extending substantially more than 180, aconnection between adjacent ends of the shoes, an operating devicearranged to swing one of theshoes about the connection against a thedrum, said. shoe moving circumferentially to force the adjacent shoeagainst the i drum, and a spring yieldingly urging the connected end ofsaid adjacent shoe away from the drum while thefirst shoe is swungagainst the drum.

18. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum, connected shoesengageable with the drum, applying means, and a spring arranged adjacentthe connected ends of the shoes and insuring that said shoes will beforced successively into fully effective" engagement with the drum.

19. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum, connected shoesengageable with the drum, applying means, and a spring arranged toinsure thatsaid shoes will be forced successively into fully efiectiveengagement with the drum. I a 20. A brake comprising, in 'comblnation,

' a drum,-a plurality of connected shoes ar ranged end to end withinthedrum, and 'a.

I cam acting on the free end of the end shoe,

the side of the cam engaging the side of the shoe for positioning saidend laterally.

21. In a self-energizing brake comprising at least two articulatedshoes, actuating means acting on at least one of .said shoes andyielding means for ensuring the engagement of oneshoe with a member tobe braked previous to full engagement of another shoe.

22. A brake comprising, in combination, a

drum, a pair of. connected shoes within the drum, an adjustable stopengaging one shoe at least in idle position, and a spring urging saidshoe toward the-stop and overcome in applying the brake by movement ofthe other shoe.

23. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum,- a plurality of shoesengageable with the drum and so arranged that at least in one directionof rotation of the drum one shoe forces the adjacent shoe against thedrum, and means for taking the torque of said one shoe and said adjacentshoe at theend of said adjacent shoe toward which the drum is in thatdirection turning along the shoes and 25. A brake comprising, incombination, a

pair of shoes each having thrust parts, on its oppositesides, and a pairof double cams guidingly interengaging with the ends of the shoes andoperatively engaging the four thrust parts. i

26. A brake comprising, in combination, a

pair of shoes having interfitting ends to guide each other, and meansadjacent said ends for separating the shoes to apply the brake.

27. A brake comprising, in combination, a pair of shoes having afloating connection, a stop to determine the position of one of theshoes, a spring urging the shoe against the stop, a second springengaging the other shoe and urging it toward an idle position, and meansfor applying the brake.

28. A brake including a shoe'having thrust parts on its opposite sides,in combinationwith an applying device engaging both of the thrust parts.

29-. A brake including, a shoehaving thrust parts on its opposite sides,in combination with two cams, each engaging one of the thrust parts.

A brake including a shoe having thrust parts on its opposite sides, incombination CHARLES WASEIGE,

Patent Nb. 1', 638,380.

CER IIFIGATE or CORRECTION.

I I Granted August 9,- 1927, to

1' CHARLES WASEI GE.

'It is hereby certified that the-above numberedpatent was erroneouslyissued to "Societe des Aeroplanes Henri & Maurice Farman, ofBillaneourt; France, a corporation of France", whereas said LettersPatent should have been issued to "Bendix Corporatiom'oi Chic ago;Illinois, a corporation of Illinois", said corporation being assignee bymesne assignments of the entire interest, in said Letters Patent asshown by the records of'assignments in this office; and that the saidLetters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the samemayfconform to the record of the case in the Patent Offioe.

Signed and sealed this 30th day of August, 'A. D. 1927.

t I I M. J; Moore, Seal. Acting Commissioner of Patents.

